Good morning, i welcome you all for todays discussion on hydraulic turbines. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. Welcome to lock n load a cross game guild forums general cross game discussions gas turbine pdf nptel engineering. There are two types of modern steam turbines impulse turbine in this type of turbine the steam nozzles direct superheated steam at the buckets of rotor blades. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are continuous and.
Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. In the last lecture we have talked about the pelton turbine which is an impulse type of. A gas turbine is a turbomachine and basically similar to steam turbine regarding its working principle the first turbine to produce useful work was probably a wind mill, where no compression and no combustion exist now a days gas turbine include a compression process and combustion process. Chapter 2 steam generators emu academic staff directory. Steam boilers, engines, nozzle, turbines mechanical mcqs pdf. The earliest patent on gas turbine was that of the englishman, john barber, in year 1879. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Thus this course would provide an understanding on electricity generation or transportation application using steam as working medium.
Such turbines are sturdy by shape construction, show good performance and. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. Are you a person with a degree in mechanical or technical engineering. Since the turbines are adequately insulated the surface heat loss by convection and radiation is small. This topic contains 0 replies, has 1 voice, and was last updated by qpnfhjh 1 month, 1 week ago. It is very useful for all kind of gate, ssc, ese and other competitive examinations. The sequence of these activities is shown in figure 2. Above 600 rpm rotor relative vibrations should be monitored. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. One part of the course is on ic engines and it focuses on the thermodynamic cycles for different fuels suitable for automobiles. As hot, gaseous steam flows past the turbine spinning blades, steam expands and cools, giving off most of the energy it contains. Then steam turbine, its type, efficiency and arrangements are focused. A turbine is a rotating part which converts kinetic energy of a working fluid into useful mechanical energy andor electrical energy.
Hello i welcome you all in this course on steam and gas power systems. Steam turbines in this size range are of the singlestage type, which implies that turbine efficiency is quite low compared to larger steam turbines. Steam turbines are supplied by several manufacturers. A new task have been assigned to me from the department of mechanical engineering after the approval of its scientific committee to be a senior tutor of computational fluid dynamics cfd major. So gross stage efficiency of parson turbine diagram efficiency of parson turbine will drive and then we will do one worked example.
So now we will see what happens in steam and gas turbines, what are the different types of steam turbine configurations that we have and the thermodynamic. Steam turbines range from turbines are used to generate electricity. Because water and most liquids are nearly incompressible, almost all of the available energy is extracted in the first stage of the hydraulic turbine. The shaft toque the torque that the shaft applies to the rotor and the rotation of the rotor are in the same direction, energy is transferred from the shaft to the rotor and from the rotor to the fluid. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Are you a person willing to work in industrial sectors then logon to steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.
Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 4. However, few of them produce models with an output of less than 200 kw. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. There have been numerous causes of steam turbine failures worldwide. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Hello i welcome you all in this course on steam and gas power systems today we will solve the problems on steam turbines. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and compressors fluid machines machines are energy conversion devices are called turbomachinery which transfers energy between a fluid system and its mechanical system e. Unit iii unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants vol.
Reaction turbine blading and conditions figure 3 shows, at the top, the end view of four stages of fixed and moving blades of an. Windmills that generate electricity are known as wind turbines. The real values of critical speeds should be measured at. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. Besides, the calculations pertaining to a supercritical 660 mw steam turbine in variable conditions are carried out. I welcome you all for our continued discussion on hydraulic turbines. The former control the flow to ensure that the appropriate amount of. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. It would be possible to build a larger cross flow turbine than the pt, however, demand would be low. In the previous lecture we have already done the found the blade or diagram efficiency for single stage steam turbine as vu by v1 square vw is the real. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. As the name implies, a steam turbine is powered by steam. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines.
A local made tmt was sent in 2008 to the norwegian university of science and. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the flow of high pressure steam entering the turbine is controlled by governor valves and stop valves. Steam turbine steam system encyclopedia of life support. A heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. Two types of modern steam turbines and their mechanical. There are some energy losses in the bearings and governing mechanisms which can be reduced by improving the lubrication system. Steam consumption steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. Today turbine powered generators produce most of the worlds electrical energy. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. Therefore, pelton wheels have only one turbine stage, unlike gas turbines that operate with compressible fluid. As well as there being two different types of steam turbines, there are also a number of different mechanical arrangements, these being cross compound, tandem and single casing. One the threshold is exceeded, automatic trip of turbine takes place. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam turbines, or gas turbines. The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a significant impact on its performance.
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